The fourth phylum (the Gnetophyta) are considered the closest group to angiosperms because they produce true xylem tissue. Reproductive structures are located in a flower. Visual Connection Questions. The last phylum, Gnetophyta, is a diverse group of plants that produce vessel elements in their wood. Gnetophyta are therefore said to be "gymnospermous." The gnetophytes are reduced to three far-flung and remarkably different genera (each genus in its own order). At what stage does the diploid zygote form? Ginkgo biloba is considered to be dioecious, or (possessing) male and female organs on different trees; because of this we will take a careful look at both the male and female plants. The Coniferophyta division contains conifers, which have the greatest variety of species among gymnosperms.Most conifers are evergreen (retain their leaves throughout the year) and include some of the largest, tallest and oldest trees on the planet. However, these three phyla are not closely related phylogenetically to each other. Gymnosperms: Cycad Cones. Female Plant A female Ginkgo biloba produces seeds that are covered by an outer layer, sometimes referred to … Simple microgametophytes and megagametophytes. Maxfocus/iStock/Getty Images Plus. The microgametophyte is a three‐nucleate structure, the megagametophyte an eight‐nucleate one. They have very few vegetative synapomorphies except decussate leaves. Examples of conifers include pines, sequoias, firs, hemlock, and spruces. Coniferophytes. The gnetophytes are a small group of vascular seed plants composing the phylum Gnetophyta, which is one of four phyla of gymnosperms that have living representatives. Most species in this phylum typically grow on moist soil in shaded areas, but some are found growing in … Conifers are the dominant phylum of gymnosperms, with the most variety of species. COMPARISON OF STRUCTURES IN GYMNOSPERMS Coniferophyta Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta LEAVES Needle-like (small, long & narrow) Compound leaves (resembles palms or ferns) Fan-shaped leaves Broad leaves like angiosperms SEEDS Seeds in cones Seeds in cones Seeds are completely exposed Seeds in cones arranged in clusters … INTRODUCTION TO THE GNETOPHYTA. Gnetophyta – Evolution • Share features with gymnosperms AND angiosperms – Gymno: seeds not enclosed in ovary – Angio: vessels in wood, somewhat flower-like structures, double fertilization • BUT some primitive angiosperms do not have vessels (e.g., Winteraceae) • Recent data suggest a … Flowers, the means of reproduction; Ovules surrounded by two integuments. Double fertilization, which leads to formation of polyploid endosperm tissue. Stamens with two pairs of pollen sacs. Gnetophyta is heterosporous and, in addition, produce highly specialized, complex reproductive and dispersal structures called seeds. Gnetophytes, in the phylum Gnetophyta, are a very small and unusual group of plants. Gnetophyta seeds are said to be "naked" since they lack a particular sort of protective covering characteristic of Anthophyta. Welwitschia produces extremely long leaves and is found in the deserts of southwestern Africa (Figure below). However, the similarities in reproductive structures serve to unite the taxa (see the description below). Ephedra is an important member of this group, since this desert shrub produces the ephedrine used to treat asthma and other conditions. Reproduction. The Gnetophyta include only three genera Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia—each of which belongs to a … After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit. GNETOPHYTA- gymnosperm 1. Anthocerotophyta is the least diverse phylum of the bryophytes, however its distribution is widespread, with Antarctica being the only continent in which they are not found. 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