These were armed with the Rheinmetall 120 mm smoothbore gun also fitted to the German Leopard 2 and, in a modified version, in the US M1A1/M1A2 Abrams MBT. [3] Only the prototype was ever produced, in 1934.[3]. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Global Industrial and Social Progress Research Institute, Institute for International Monetary Affairs, Japan Institute for National Fundamentals, National Institute for Research Advancement, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Think_tanks_based_in_Japan&oldid=726551781, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 June 2016, at 22:27. These models included one British Heavy Mk IV and six Medium Mark A Whippets, along with thirteen French Renault FT-17s (later designated Ko-Gata Senshaor "Type A Tank"). They did not play a very significant role in actual combats. Type 89 Chi-Ro advancing towards Manila, Philippines, January 1942. Only a total of 103 Type 98s are known to have been built>: 24 in 1942 and 79 in 1943.[17]. The Japanese then tried half a dozen of models, some were produced in limited numbers (such as the Chi-He or the Chi-Nu) but none were mass-produced by lack of a definite choice for a model. Incomplete prototype of the Type 5 Chi-Ri after capture by American forces. Type 4 Heavy 177,700. The development of tankettes was stopped but they went on being sent to the frontline until the end of the war. The Type 97 Chi-Ha is a medium tank introduced in 1937, the Type 2 Ke-To is a light tank introduced in 1942. The Type 74 (74式戦車, nana-yon-shiki-sensya?) One major reason that the air-cooled diesel engines may have been preferred was that water was scarce in areas that the Imperial Japanese Army was operating in Mongolia, Manchuria, and North China. However they were able to finally get to actually designing the tanks by the mid-1920s. Chi-He 3,730. [36] This design allows the tank crew to operate without a loader, which allows the use of a smaller turret. As this was the first tank designed in Japan, they had to begin with almost every component built from scratch. Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is a list of notable think tanks sorted by ... Japan Institute of International Affairs; National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) Kazakhstan. These second prototypes were used for development and then user trials, all of which were completed by 1989, before Japan formally acknowledged the Type 90 in 1990. By 1940 they were the fifth largest tank force in the world behind the Soviet, France, Britain and Germany, but were behind in medium and heavy tanks. is a main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). However, due to the Korean War, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers ordered Japan to re-militarize, forming armed police forces (National police reserve, later called National security force, then finally Japan ground self-defence force) and provided M4A3E8 Sherman and M24 Chaffee tanks. These wheeled armored cars were not suitable for most operations in Manchuria, due to the poor road conditions and severe winter climate. Explore Wikis; Community Central; Start a Wiki; Search Sign In Don't have an account? Intended to be a heavier, lengthened, more powerful version of Japan's sophisticated Type 4 Chi-To medium tank, in performance it was designed to surpass the US M4 Sherman medium tanks being fielded by the Allied forces. Development of the first Japanese-designed tank began in June 1925. Requirements of the Type 90 were completed in 1980 with two prototypes and a second series of four prototypes was built between 1986 and 1988 which incorporated changes as a result of trials with the first two prototypes. It was amply outdated before that. The Type 94 was later superseded by the Type 97 tankette. The ideogram "Chi" meant a medium tank, "Te" a tankette; "Ke" an assault gun, "Ho" a self-propelled gun, "Ka" an amphibious tank. The Japanese didn't embrace the tank, as it didn't have the cavalry tradition that the other countries that developed the tank more extensively had. This list may not reflect recent changes (). was an innovation created to increase the number of light tanks available to front-line infantry divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. After the war, many nations needed to have tanks, but only a few had the industrial resources to design and build them. Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles. The team started their design of a tank and worked hard to complete the project within the two years allocated. The prototype was completed in February 1927, within the required period. The design parameters on the Type 2 were then changed to include a tank destroyer role, with its 75 mm gun equipped with armor-piercing shells.[17]. After the war brought in the Allies in 1941, then the Navy's began to have interest in amphibious tanks. FANDOM. The initial attempt resulted in the Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha for use by the cavalry. Along with the Osaka Army Arsenal, Sagami Army Arsenal was also assigned to oversee the design and manufacture of assorted types of armored vehicles and tanks. The Type 89 first saw combat in China, but was in the process of being replaced by the Type 97 Chi-Ha at the start of World War II. The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. It was decided to build two different experimental tanks for evaluation, which differed from the conventional practice of giving the same specifications to several competitors and having each make a prototype. The First World War established the validity of the tank concept. It is built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and was designed as a replacement for all deployed Type 61s and a portion of their Type 74 tanks, and entered service in 1990. A JGSDF Type 90 on display at the JGSDF Ordnance School in Tsuchiura, Kanto, Japan. Chi-Ha 1,460. It was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as a replacement for the earlier Type 61. The Type 2 Gun tank Ho-I (二式砲戦車 ホイ, Ni-shiki hōsensha Ho-I?) Medium Tanks (R) T-62A K-91 Object 140 Object 140 BB Object 430B Object 430U Object 907 Object 907A T-22 medium T-62A. Although the chassis was similar in appearance, the design of the Type 97 was different than the Type 94 in several significant areas. Althrough Japanese heavy tanks greatly differs from Japanese medium and light tanks, they all share few similarities; All Japanese tanks have great gun depression, (with exception being Chi-Nu Kai and some heavy tanks that have limited depression above their miniturrets), lack of sloping on armor (except on tier 8 - 10 medium tanks), and good firepower. However, Japanese infantry commanders felt that a similar vehicle would be useful as the support vehicle for transport, scout and communications within the infantry divisions, and could be used as a sort of “flying company” to provide additional firepower and close support in infantry operations. So although the Japanese Army widely employed tanks within the Pacific theater of war, the tanks that Allied forces in the Pacific faced were mostly old designs or obsolete as the most modern Japanese tanks, such as the Type 3 Chi-Nu were delayed by shortages and even after started to come out of the factories the idea was to hold them for the defense of the mainland, and not dispersed to the far flung Imperial Japanese Army or Navy forces. The Imperial Japanese Army purchased the Renault FTs from France, and in 1929 when its replacement came out, they were able to acquire 10 of the Renault NC1 (designated Otsu-Gata Sensha or "Type B Tank"). After the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol in 1939 against the Russians which resulted in total defeat for the Japanese Sixth Army, it prompted the Imperial Japanese Army to rethink tactics and formations of armored units along with tank design. The prototype of the new Type 98 tank was completed in 1939. After World War I ended, many European countries attempted to mechanize their cavalry. Japan's army (like the US, French, British and Russian armies) tried various methods to integrate modern armor into their traditional horse cavalry formations.[2]. A tank Type 92 was thus introduced in 1932, the year 2592 of the Japanese calendar (only the two last digits counts). Production was hampered by material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II, and only 31 or 41 units were completed by the time of the end of the war. Due to the high cost of purchasing American made tanks, and because the M47 did not meet their requirements, the JGSDF decided on developing their own main battle tank, resulting in the development of the Type 61 tank. The Type 90 mounts a licensed copy of the German Rheinmetall L44 120 mm smoothbore cannon product by Japan Steel Works Limited. Since it weighed over 10 tons it was designated a medium tank. After this, the amphibious car concept was abandoned, and the design was changed to a tracked vehicle for land use only. Pages in category "Think tanks based in Japan" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader (conveyor-belt type), developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. This version had two gasoline engines, and was armed with 1 x 105 mm cannon, 1 x Type 1 37 mm (in a forward-mounted sub-turret), and 3 x Type 97 7.7 mm machine guns (one mounted in a forward sub-turret) while an ultra heavy version also mounted a Type 1 37 mm in a rear-facing sub-turret. Japanese Tank Wikia. Made from 50% cotton/50% vinylon or 70% vinylon/30% cotton. [18], The Type 4 Chi-To was a thirty-ton, all-welded tank with a maximum armor thickness of about 75 mm. The Type 97 ShinHoTo Chi-Ha served against allied forces throughout the Pacific and East Asia as well as the Soviets during the July–August 1945 conflict in Manchuria. In 1933 Major Tomio Hara designed the basis of many of the suspensions of future Japanese tanks, the bellcrank scissors which had paired bogie wheels connected by a coil spring. [23] The Chi-Nu was the last tank deployed by the IJA, and production continued until the end of the war. Before 1945, the fleet and the air force had priority. The design parameters on the Type 2 were then changed to include a tank destroyer role, with its 75 mm gun equipped with armor-piercing shells.[17]. [16][18] The war ended before any Type 2s were used in combat. Each tank would get a two letter name, with the first letter standing for the type of tank and the second for the order in which the tanks were developed. The Type 89 had two variants - the Kō ("A") version, which used a water-cooled gasoline engine, and the Otsu ("B") version, with an air-cooled diesel engine and improved frontal armor. The design was completed in May 1926 and production was ordered to begin at the Osaka Army Arsenal. This is a list of the Japanese armoured fighting vehicles of World War II.This list includes vehicles that never left the drawing board; prototype models and production models from after World War I, into the interwar period and through the end of ⦠The Type 5 Na-To (五式砲戦車, Go-shiki hōsensha?) The Japanese used ideograms to differentiate further the various weapons. After trials in both Manchukuo and Japan, the design was standardized as the Type 94 tankette. Many IJA generals attended the trials on June 21–22, 1927, and the tank showed acceptable performance during movement in rough terrain and on slopes. However, the development of the Chi-To and the Type 5 Chi-Ri heavy tank was delayed, again due to a steel shortage, and a stopgap tank was required. V Type 3 Chi-Nu Kai. The experiment was not entirely successful, and the Japanese cavalry was not impressed with the performance. Production of the Chi-He started in 1944, but was discontinued after less than one year in favor of the Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank. The armor was 200 mm at its maximum, and the tank had a top speed of 25 km/h. was the penultimate medium tank developed by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Type 61 tanks on the move in Okinawa as part of a joint US/Japanese exercise. As the surrender of Japan occurred before that invasion, there is no record of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III ever being used in actual combat. However, by that time production was impossible due to material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II, and testing was not yet completed by the end of the war. However after 1941 the Japanese focused their industry on building warships and aircraft after Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the conflict, as priorities shifted to weapons they felt were more important to attack across the Pacific and defend the Empire from the advancing Americans. All were decommissioned by 2000, 39 years after their original deployment. It is slated to be complemented by the Type 10. Its main anti-tank armament consisted of a Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun which was the same gun that was used on the Type 4 Chi-To tank; a variant of the Japanese Type 4 75mm AA Gun. It entered service in 1935. Carrying effective armament and moderate armour on a mobile chassis makes a medium tank flexible and cost effective. Japan Poland Sweden UK USA USSR. The Type 5 Na-To made use of the chassis of the Type 4 Chi-So medium tracked carrier. Tanks designed and produced by Imperial Japan and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. A total of 560 were produced. Half of them (3300) were made by the Mitsubishi Company. Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha at the United States Army Ordnance Museum, Aberdeen, Maryland, USA. [5] From 1980, Type 61's began to be supplemented by the more modern Type 74 MBT. No antitank opposition was to be feared. Japan produced several amphibious tank designs, including the Type 1 Mi-Sha, Type 2 Ka-Mi, Type 3 Ka-Chi, Type 4 Ka-Tsu, Type 4 Ka-Sha, Type 5 To-Ku, F B Swamp Vehicle, Type 4 Ka-Tsu, Toku 4 Shiki Naikatei APC, and the SRII Ro-Go for use by the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces. This version was designated Shinhoto Chi-Ha ("new turret") and is considered by many to be one of the best Japanese tank designs of the war. It is already outdated in 1940. Therefore, in the 1930s, the Japanese created many models of tanks that fought on the Pacific front of World War II without interruption for several years. As with the Type 94, the interior was lined with heat insulating asbestos sheets. The Type 2 tank production was placed on hold, and only 34 units were completed by the end of the war. By 1937, Japan fielded 1,060 tanks in 8 regiments, but most were designed for and used in an infantry support role. Some of knowledge shared with Japan inspired or influenced later Japanese armored vehicles, for example: A Type 61 tank on display at the JGSDF Ordnance School in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. The short barreled 75 mm Type 99 Gun was mounted in a fully rotating two-man gun turret.The Type 2 Ho-I utilized the chassis of the Type 1 Chi-He, which was itself a modified Type 97 Chi-Ha. A Type 94 chemical/bacteriological protection modified Type 94 Tankette was used as the tractor of these vehicles, closed for protection against these agents[citation needed]. A 12.7 mm machine gun was normally mounted on the cuppola for anti-aircraft use. In 1929 the Type 89 (Experimental Tank Number 2) was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. A single Type 97 light machine gun was also mounted in the bow, but there was no machine gun mounted to the rear of the turret. [6] The IJA determined that the British and French machines were too small to be practical, and started planning for a larger version, the TK model, or Special Tractor. The Type 1 Gun tank Ho-Ni I (一式砲戦車 ホニ I, Isshiki ho-sensha Ho-NiI?) Through the modernization of Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks, in which its 57 mm gun turrets were replaced with 47 mm high velocity gun turrets, the 57 mm turrets were then available to install on Type 95 light tank hulls; thus creating the Type 4 Ke-Nu light tank. The fully enclosed and armored casemate of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III was intended to address the issues, and an order was placed with Hitachi Ltd in early 1944. Japanese tank Type 95 Ha-Go captured by Soviet troops after battle of Khalkhin Gol. was the most widely produced Japanese medium tank of World War II, with about 26 mm thick armor on its turret sides, and 33 mm on its gun shield, considered average protection in the 1930s. There are a total of [ 15 ] WW2 Japanese Tanks (1939-1945) entries in the Military Factory. ... tanks.gg is a player created website for World of Tanks. a yearly average comparable to Italy. The newer tank proved to be superior to the Type 97 in both speed and armor protection, but due to the rapid pace of events, the Japanese Army had shown little interest in this new tank. [9] For cargo transportation it pulled an ammunition trailer. The 'Type 97 Light armored car Te-Ke (九七式軽装甲車 テケ, Kyū-nana-shiki kei sōkōsha Kete?) A total of 560 Type 61's were manufactured between 1961 to 1975, when production ceased. As a result, development of a prototype as a replacement for the Type 74, the TK-X MBT began between 1976 and 1977 which was became the Type 90 tank. The Type 89 design was completed in April 1929, with production starting in 1931, making this the first tank to be mass-produced in Japan. A coaxial 7.62 millimeter machine gun is mounted next to the gun. In total, approximately 100 units were converted in 1944.[20]. It was based on the best features of a number of contemporary designs, placing it in the same class as the US M60 Patton or German Leopard 1. The development of Chi-Nu started in May 1944 and was completed in October of that year. Light Tanks T-100 LT. Medium Tanks II Type 89 I-Go/Chi-Ro. It has been reported the one copy of the O-I was manufactured before the end of the war and was shipped to Manchuria, according to an engineer concerned with the project. From 1932 onwards, the Type 89 Chi-Ro had been the first Japanese tank to be mass-produced. [32][33][34], Near the end of the Pacific War, Japanese field commanders realized that nothing in the inventory of the Japanese army would be able to withstand the increasingly advanced tanks and armored vehicles fielded by the Allies, and that a more powerful version of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III was necessary. Like previous Japanese tanks, it used diesel fuel rather than petrol. Armored production was ramped up from 500 tanks per year to 1,200 and the Japanese decided they needed a better tank gun and developed the 47 mm in response to the Soviet 45 mm guns encountered in combat in 1939. was designed to replace the Imperial Japanese Army's Type 95 Ha-Go light tank.It is also referred to as the Type 98 Chi-Ni by some sources [15] The Type 3 Ka-Chi was based on an extensively modified Imperial Japanese Army Type 1 Chi-He tank and was a larger and more capable version of the earlier Type 2 Ka-Mi amphibious tank.[29]. There is sometimes a surname to supplement or replace the ideograms. Renault FT (most of delivered 36 tanks, 3 tanks captured by Japanese in 1931) M4 Sherman (35 tanks, only used in India-Burma Theater by Chinese Expedition Army) M3 Stuart (M3A3, M5A1) (50 tanks, only used in India-Burma Theater by Chinese Expedition Army) M24 Chaffee â 233 Support Tank was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. The results were used to develop the STA-3 (completed in January 1960) and STA-4 (completed in November 1959) in 1960. Ha-Go 270. While vulnerable to most opposing Allied tanks (M2/M3 Light, M4 Medium, and T-34), the 47 mm high-velocity gun did give the ShinHoTo Type 97 a fighting chance against them. A radically new follower, the Type 5 Ke-Ho will not go further than testing. By 1942, after the start of World War II, the Japanese army began to encounter the Allied M4 Sherman and M3 Stuart tanks, with which they could barely cope. The main armament was the Type 94 37 mm tank gun, with 96 rounds, barrel length of 136 cm (L36.7), EL angle of fire of -15 to +20 degrees, AZ angle of fire of 20 degrees, muzzle velocity of 600 m/s, penetration of 45 mm/300 m, which was also used by Type 95 Ha-Go. It was given the name Tokushu Keninsha ("Special Tractor"), abridged to “TK”. This is a list of main battle tanks, and other vehicles serving that role, in active military ⦠The army built several prototypes before the war (they are the first to experiment with jet propulsion), but none were mass-produced and the whole enterprise is dropped in 1940. Japan also built a Type 95 Heavy Tank which was the final version of the Japanese multi-turreted designs . After the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol in 1939 against the Russians which resulted in total defeat for the Japanese Sixth Army, it prompted the Imperial Japanese Army to rethink tactics and formations of armored units along with tank design. 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